Factors associated with the diagnosis of COVID-19 among Brazilian health professionals COVID-19 and health professionals.

INTRODUCTION: Health professionals are on the front lines against the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and are at high risk for acquiring the infection. Failures in precautionary measures, inadequacy/scarcity of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), and lack of social and family distancing may be associated with increased exposure and contamination by the new coronavirus. This study investigated the prevalence of COVID-19 among Brazilian health professionals and associated factors according to demographic and occupational characteristics. METHODS: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted using an online survey with 12,086 health professionals from all regions of Brazil. Data were collected using an adaptation of the respondent-driven sampling method for the virtual environment. The outcome variable was the diagnosis of COVID-19. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyzes were used to identify an association between the diagnosis of COVID-19 and demographic and occupational variables. Variables were considered statistically significant based on p<0.05. RESULTS: Most participants were female, from the northeast region, and nursing professionals. A prevalence of 31.95% (95%CI: 31.0%, 32.9%) of COVID-19 was estimated. Following multiple regression analysis, the variables associated with the diagnosis of COVID-19 among health professionals were: male gender, married individuals, professionals who provide care to patients with COVID-19, who work in a field hospital, and those who work in institutions that did not offer enough quality PPE. CONCLUSIONS: The study found a high prevalence of COVID-19 infection, with male professionals being those with greater chances. Inadequate supply or poor quality of PPE offered by health institutions compromises the health of professionals with an increase in positive diagnosis for COVID-19.

HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission in Brazil (1994-2016): a time series modeling.

HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (HIV-1 MTCT), is an important cause of children mortality worldwide. Brazil has been traditionally praised by its HIV/Aids program, which provides free-of-charge care for people living with HIV-1. Using public epidemiology and demographic databases, we aimed at modeling HIV-1 MTCT prevalence in Brazil through the years (1994-2016) and elaborate a statistical model for forecasting, contributing to HIV-1 epidemiologic surveillance and healthcare decision-making. We downloaded sets of live births and mothers' data alongside HIV-1 cases notification in children one year old or less. Through time series modeling, we estimated prevalence along the years in Brazil, and observed a remarkable decrease of HIV-1 MTCT between 1994 (10 cases per 100,000 live births) and 2016 (five cases per 100,000 live births), a reduction of 50%. Using our model, we elaborated a prognosis for each Brazilian state to help HIV-1 surveillance decision making, indicating which states are in theory in risk of experiencing a rise in HIV-1 MTCT prevalence. Ten states had good (37%), nine had mild (33%), and eight had poor prognostics (30%). Stratifying the prognostics by Brazilian region, we observed that the Northeast region had more states with poor prognosis, followed by North and Midwest, Southeast and South with one state of poor prognosis each. Brazil undoubtedly advanced in the fight against HIV-1 MTCT in the past two decades. We hope our model will help indicating where HIV-1 MTCT prevalence may rise in the future and support government decision makers regarding HIV-1 surveillance and prevention.

Male and female condoms: What do women of a subnormal agglomerate know / Preservativos masculino y femenino. Lo que saben las mujeres de un área subnormal / Preservativos masculino e feminino. O que sabem as mulheres de uma área subnormal

Objective.Evaluate the knowledge about male and female condoms among women living in subnormal agglomerate and identify sources of information and appropriate care to use. Methods. Household survey, descriptive, transversal and quantitative study with 300 women over 18 of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, who began their sexual life. The systematic sampling plan for data collection was used. The interview form included sociodemographic questions and gazed relevant aspects of the use of condoms as a preventive measure of sexually transmitted infections and AIDS. Results. TV and healthcare professionals were the main sources of information. The participants knew more often the male condom features compared to women. The care most often mentioned by women as the use of male and female condoms were related to the validity, form of openness and conditions of packaging and storage of condoms. The largest number of care focused on measures taken in the pre-sexual moment. Moreover, care was nonspecific on the female condom. Conclusion: The participating women have inadequate knowledge on female and male condoms. It is necessary that the nursing seek health education strategies for improving knowledge about relevant information about male and female condoms.

Objetivo.Evaluar el conocimiento sobre los preservativos masculino y femenino de las mujeres residentes en un área subnormal, identificando las fuentes de información y cuidados adecuados de uso. Métodos. Se trata de una encuesta de hogares, descriptiva, de corte transversal y abordaje cuantitativo, realizado con 300 mujeres de la ciudad de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, mayores de 18 años, que iniciaron vida sexual. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizó el muestreo aleatorio sistemático. El formulario de entrevista incluyó la caracterización sociodemográfica y preguntas que contemplaran los aspectos relevantes sobre el uso del preservativo como medida preventiva de infecciones de transmisión sexual y Sida. Resultados. Las principales fuentes de información fueron la televisión y los profesionales de salud. Las participantes conocían más las funciones del preservativo masculino en comparación con el femenino. Los cuidados más mencionados por las mujeres para el uso de los preservativos masculino y femenino se relacionaron con el período de validez, modo de abertura, condiciones del empaque y su conservación. El número de cuidados se concentró en las medidas tomadas en el momento presexual. Además, sobre los cuidados del preservativo feminino estos no fueron específicos. Conclusión. Las mujeres participantes tienen inadecuados conocimientos sobre los preservativos femenino y masculino. En consecuencia, es necesario que enfermería desarrolle estrategias de educación en salud para el mejoramiento del conocimiento de este tema y brinde informaciones relevantes sobre el uso, condiciones de empaque y conservación, entre otros asuntos, de los preservativos masculino e femenino.

Objetivo.Avaliar o conhecimento sobre os preservativos masculino e feminino das mulheres residentes numa área subnormal e identificar as fontee de informação e cuidados adequados de uso. Métodos. Se trata de uma enquete de lares, descritiva, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativo, realizado com 300 mulheres da cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, maiores de 18 anos, que iniciaram vida sexual. Para a recolecção dos dados se utilizou a amostra aleatória sistemático. O formulário de entrevista incluiu a caracterização sócio-demográfica e perguntas que contemplaram os aspectos relevantes sobre o uso do preservativo como medida preventiva de infecções de transmissão sexual e AIDS. Resultados. A televisão e os profissionais da saúde foram as principais fontes de informação. As participantes conheciam com maior frequência as funções do preservativo masculino em comparação com o feminino. Os cuidados mais mencionados pelas mulheres para o uso dos preservativos masculino e feminino se relacionaram com o período de validez, modo de abertura, condições da embalagem e a conservação dos preservativos. O número de cuidados se concentrou nas medidas tomadas no momento pré-sexual. Ademais, sobre o preservativo feminino os cuidados não foram específicos. Conclusão. As mulheres participantes têm inadequados conhecimentos sobre os preservativos feminino e masculino, é necessário que a enfermagem desenvolva estratégias de educação em saúde para o melhoramento do conhecimento de informações relevantes sobre os preservativos masculino e feminino.

Male and female condoms: What do women of a subnormal agglomerate know.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the knowledge about male and female condoms among women living in subnormal agglomerate and identify sources of information and appropriate care to use. METHODS: Household survey, descriptive, transversal and quantitative study with 300 women over 18 of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil, who began their sexual life. The systematic sampling plan for data collection was used. The interview form included sociodemographic questions and gazed relevant aspects of the use of condoms as a preventive measure of sexually transmitted infections and AIDS. RESULTS: TV and healthcare professionals were the main sources of information. The participants knew more often the male condom features compared to women. The care most often mentioned by women as the use of male and female condoms were related to the validity, form of openness and conditions of packaging and storage of condoms. The largest number of care focused on measures taken in the pre-sexual moment. Moreover, care was nonspecific on the female condom. CONCLUSION: The participating women have inadequate knowledge on female and male condoms. It is necessary that the nursing seek health education strategies for improving knowledge about relevant information about male and female condoms.